You can use the Adobe Remote Update Manager (RUM) to provide the updates. This manager is not suitable for checking the available updates though.
Please see an example of a check using the windows command line prompt below:
C:\Program Files (x86)\Common Files\Adobe\OOBE_Enterprise\RemoteUpdateManager\RemoteUpdateManager.exe
Output:
**************************************************
Following Acrobat/Reader updates are applicable on the system :
(AdobeAcrobatDC-20.0)
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**************************************************
*** Installing (AdobeAcrobatDC-20.0) ...
*** Successfully installed (AdobeAcrobatDC-20.0) but system reboot is required...
**************************************************
For more information about the configuration and usage of the RUM see:
https://helpx.adobe.com/de/enterprise/admin-guide.html/de/enterprise/using/using-remote-update-manager.ug.html